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Ópticos-optometristas advierten que el uso incontrolado de dispositivos electrónicos como móviles o tabletas aumenta el riesgo de sufrir miopía en niños - revisatuvision

Noticias

10

Nov

2021

Ópticos-optometristas advierten que el uso incontrolado de dispositivos electrónicos como móviles o tabletas aumenta el riesgo de sufrir miopía en niños

Durante los primeros años de vida las capacidades visuales no están plenamente desarrolladas y no es posible enfocar objetos de forma correcta. Además, el CNOO recomienda realizar un uso moderado de estos dispositivos, una correcta iluminación en las habitaciones, descansar 20 segundos cada 20 minutos mirando a seis metros o relajar la vista observando objetos lejanos, entre otras medidas.

Ante la tendencia en auge de regalar móviles y tabletas a niños cada vez más pequeños, el Colegio Nacional de Ópticos-Optometristas (CNOO) advierte que un uso abusivo e incontrolado de este tipo de dispositivos digitales aumenta notablemente el riesgo de sufrir miopía. Desde su nacimiento, los niños están desarrollando su sistema visual hasta que sus capacidades visuales se encuentran al 100% y pueden enfocar los objetos de forma correcta.

En este sentido, la sobreexposición a las pantallas sin mantener una distancia mínima de seguridad está dando lugar a una progresión de la miopía más rápida en pacientes jóvenes. Por ello, los menores que pasan más tiempo jugando y realizando actividades al aire libre tienen menos riesgo de sufrir esta deficiencia refractiva. Además, los rayos azul-violeta podrían provocar fatiga visual y, en el peor de los casos, generar problemas oculares más severos, como la aparición de la presbicia en edades tempranas.

“La fatiga ocular se manifiesta cuando los ojos realizan un esfuerzo acomodativo excesivo como consecuencia de actividades que implican ver de cerca durante un largo periodo”, asegura el decano del CNOO, Juan Carlos Martínez Moral. La musculatura del ojo se encuentra relajada cuando utilizamos la visión lejana, pero cuando miramos algo de cerca durante mucho tiempo, el ojo tiene que realizar un trabajo mayor y la musculatura puede llegar a bloquearse, lo que se conoce como espasmo de la acomodación. “Algunos síntomas derivados de un uso prolongado de este tipo de dispositivos son visión transitoria, dificultad de enfoque de distancias, sensibilidad al brillo de la luz, incomodidad ocular, dolor de cabeza y ojos irritados, secos o cansados”, explica el decano del CNOO.

Precaución con los regalos navideños

Los ópticos-optometristas recomiendan tomar precauciones estas Navidades a la hora de regalar smartphones, portátiles o tabletas a los niños, ya que, si no cuentan con un control parental continuo, pueden afectar negativamente a la salud visual. Además, aconseja tener en cuenta las propiedades de las pantallas, apostando por aquellas que cuentan con características menos nocivas para la salud visual. De esta forma se evitará el riesgo de padecer alteraciones como el enrojecimiento o la fotofobia, es decir, la sensibilidad a la luz.

El CNOO matiza que estar conectado a las pantallas un elevado número de horas produce una disminución en la frecuencia de parpadeo, lo que obliga a hacer un esfuerzo aún mayor que repercute en el desgaste ocular. Además, existen monitores que ofrecen gráficos con cortes o incorrecciones, por lo que muchas veces es conveniente cambiar la configuración de la pantalla para adaptar la luz de forma correcta.

Recomendaciones y ergonomía visual

Prevenir la aparición de la fatiga visual es posible siguiendo una serie de consejos para mantener una correcta higiene visual:

• Iluminación adecuada y suficiente, evitando los reflejos en la pantalla.

• Descansar 20 segundos cada 20 minutos mirando a 6 metros o más.

• Relajar la vista mirando objetos o puntos alejados, por ejemplo, a través de la ventana.

• Colocar la pantalla a una distancia mínima de 30 cm en el caso de móviles y tabletas.

• Mantener una postura correcta mientras se lee o trabaja.

• Ubicar el dispositivo ligeramente por debajo de la altura de los ojos.

• Ajustar el brillo y el contraste para que la lectura resulte cómoda.

• Acudir a revisión con el óptico-optometrista al menos una vez al año para prevenir problemas visuales y que pueda prescribir unas gafas personalizadas según el tipo de dispositivo digital que se utilice y en función de los síntomas que se presenten.

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