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Presbicia - revisatuvision

Qué es

Presbicia

La presbicia, también denominada popularmente vista cansada, no puede considerarse un defecto refractivo ni por supuesto una enfermedad ocular.

Es simplemente un defecto fisiológico, no patológico, que comienza a aparecer cuando se llega a una determinada edad, alrededor de los 41 años. Esto viene a significar que todos, tarde o temprano, seremos présbitas. Técnicamente, la presbicia es un estado refractivo en donde la capacidad de acomodación (el enfoque) del ojo se muestra insuficiente para realizar cualquier tipo de actividad en visión próxima, como leer o escribir, si no se recurre a la ayuda de unas lentes compensadoras. La explicación orgánica de la manifestación de la presbicia tiene una relación específica con los años de vida. Al llegar a una determinada edad el músculo ciliar, al igual que el resto de los de nuestro cuerpo, va perdiendo elasticidad y haciéndose menos potente. Al mismo tiempo, la lente natural de nuestros ojos encargada de enfocar las imágenes sobre la retina, el cristalino, se va haciendo también menos flexible, con lo cual la capacidad para acomodar y por lo tanto para ver bien de cerca un periódico, la carta de un restaurante o una labor de costura, va disminuyendo paulatinamente.

¿Qué signos y síntomas acompañan a la presbicia?
La presbicia comienza a manifestarse aproximadamente entre los 40 y los 42 años y sus síntomas iniciales son muy claros: hace falta separarse de lo que estamos leyendo, o de la tarea que estamos realizando — por eso también la presbicia se conoce como el "síndrome de los brazos largos" — y necesitamos cada vez más luz para leer o realizar cualquier actividad en visión próxima.

La presbicia, ¿afecta más a miopes que a hipermétropes?
La presbicia afecta por igual a miopes que a hipermétropes, pero suele aparecer antes en estos últimos. Además, como es un problema relacionado con la edad, afecta también a aquellos que nunca han utilizado gafas o lentes de contacto. La aparición de la presbicia no debe ser motivo de preocupación, pues como ya hemos dicho, se trata de una condición natural netamente fisiológica.

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